How do I ensure that ProtonVPN use it's own private DNS on Android?

What configuration should I use on the “private DNS” setting? Automatic or Disabled?

Keep “private DNS” off and check here that Protons DNS goes thru there servers

https://dnscheck.tools/

You can read more here:

https://protonvpn.com/blog/private-dns/

That didn’t answer my question, it just mentions browsers. Should I default to “disabled” or automatic" in the private DNS setting on Android?

I’ve got off, automatic and custom. With the Proton VPN client, I’d suggest going with Off to let Proton use their own.

A different story would be using the wireguard client with specific rules and a custom DNS as NextDNS.